Section Test:Immunology

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This Section Test deals with the general concepts of immunology commonly found on the MCAT.

Section Test

1. Which of the following actually kills invading microbes?

lysozymes
stomach acid
intestinal enzymes
all of the above

2. The inflammatory response includes all of the following except

vessel constriction
temperature increase
increased blood flow
phagocyte attack

3. The immunoglobulin found in a mother's milk is

IgM
IgA
IgE
IgG

4. Hemolytic disease of the newborn can result if

the Rh+ mother is sensitized to the Rh- antigen and the baby is Rh-
the Rh- mother is sensitized to the Rh+ antigen and the baby is Rh-
the Rh- mother is sensitized to the Rh+ antigen and the baby is Rh+
the Rh+ mother is sensitized to the Rh- antigen and the baby is Rh+

5. Precursors of macrophages are called

T cells
B cells
plasma cells
monocytes

6. Which type of surface marker is present on every nucleated cell in your body?

B receptor
T receptor
MHC-I
MHC-II

7. Memory cells

are a type of T-cell
are responsible for passive immunity
prevent an animal from encountering certain antigens
provide an accelerated immune response upon second exposure to a particular antigen

8. The structure of the Fab region of an antibody includes?

a disulfide bond connection the H and L regions
the complementarity determining region
both H and L variable regions
all of the above
→ The Fab region of an antibody, is the end that actually binds target antigens. As such, it is highly diverse in structure and contains the complementarity region or antigen binding region. Furthermore, it is composed of the variable regions of both the light and heavy chains with a disulfide bond holding them together.

9. The first immunoglobulin heavy chain class to be expressed on the surface of a newly produced B-cell is:

IgA
IgE
IgG
IgM
→ Initially, B-cells produce IgM which is primarily surface-bound to their plasma membrane, upon activation however, secretion can occur as well as isotype switching, resulting in the B-cells changing their expression type, such that IgA, IgE, or IgG are secreted instead.

10. Binding of antigen to antibody:

Is unaffected by the presence or absence of water molecules.
Involves covalent bonding.
Is optimized by spatial complementarity.
Is usually unaffected by pH.
→ Spatial complementarity is vital for strong binding of antigen to antibody so that the otherwise non-specific intermolecular forces which depend reciprocally on distance apart, can become really strong.

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