Section Test:The Eukaryotic Cell

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Topics Covered

This Section Test deals with all the concepts covered in The Eukaryotic Cell. Topics which cover the basic composition of prokayotic and eukaryotic cells are covered.


Section Test

1. The "rough" appearance of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is due to:

holes in the membrane that result in visible lesions
The presence of Golgi bodies
The presence of ribosomes
lipid rafts throughout the membrane
→ The rough appearance of the rER is due to the high concentration of ribosomes on its surface which are used to synthesize membrane bound proteins.

2. You would expect a cell with an extensive Golgi apparatus to

make a lot of ATP.
secrete a lot of material.
move actively.
store large quantities of food
→ the golgi apparatus is in charge of packaging and distributing vesicles throughout the cell and preparing contents for export is also included in these activities.

3. Which of the following correctly matches an organelle with its function?

mitochondrion . . . photosynthesis
nucleus . . . cellular respiration
ribosome . . . manufacture of lipids
peroxisome . . . fatty acid breakdown
→ the peroxisome is cheifly in charge of detoxification of chemicals using oxidative reactions of peroxide, however it is also used in break down long chain fatty acids which cannot enter the mitochondria

4. A researcher made an interesting observation about a protein made by the rough ER and eventually used to build a cell's plasma membrane. The protein in the membrane was actually slightly different from the protein made in the ER. The protein was probably changed in the

Golgi apparatus.
smooth ER.
mitochondrion.
nucleus.
→ While many integral membrane proteins are made in the rough ER, they often undergo extensive post-transcriptional modifications in the vesicles of the golgi apparatus prior to their final destination.

5. Which of the following clues would tell you whether a cell is prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

whether or not the cell is partitioned by internal membranes
the presence or absence of ribosomes
whether or not the cell carries out cellular metabolism
whether or not the cell contains DNA
→ internal membranes imply that organelles are present, which are a sign of only eukaryotic cells

6. Cyanide binds with at least one of the molecules involved in the production of ATP. Following exposure of a cell to cyanide, most of the cyanide could be expected to be found within the

mitochondria
peroxisomes
lysosomes
endoplasmic reticulum.
→ the major site of ATP synthesis occurs on the inner membrane of mitochondria, therefore cyanide would be expected to be found in these organelles.

7. What is the functional connection between the nucleolus, nuclear pores, and the nuclear membrane?

Subunits of ribosomes are assembled in the nucleolus and pass through the nuclear membrane via the nuclear pores.
The nuclear pores are connections between the nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum that permit ribosomes to assemble on the surface of the ER.
The nucleolus contains messenger RNA (mRNA), which crosses the nuclear envelope through the nuclear pores.
Endoplasmic reticulum membrane is produced in the nucleolus and leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pores.
→ The nuceolus is the site of most Ribosome assembly from rRNA. This nucleolus is inside the nucleus, and as such, to exit the nucleus, the ribosomes must be transported through large nuclear pores.

8. Which of the following is not a characteristic of mitochondria?

Mitochondria are involved in energy metabolism.
Mitochondria have more than one membrane.
Mitochondria contain DNA and ribosomes.
All of the above are characteristics of mitochondria.

9. Which of the following are possible sites of protein synthesis in a typical eukaryotic cell?

the cytoplasm
the rough endoplasmic reticulum
in mitochondria
all of the above are possible sites for protein synthesis

10. Which statement below is not an argument for the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria?

Mitochondria and plastids reproduce by a method that is very similar to binary fission.
The inner membrane of this organelle has enzymes systems that are homologous to those on the plasma membrane of prokaryotes.
The organelle contains a single circular DNA.
The ribosomes of this organelle are more similar to cytoplasmic ribosomes of eukaryotic cells than to ribosomes of prokaryotic cells.
→ This wrong answer choice makes it sound more convincing that mitochondria are closely related to eukaryotes, the others however all suggest features in common with prokaryotes.

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